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    7. 

  7.       FFmpeg FAQ
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    15. 

  15.       <h1>
    16. 

  16.       FFmpeg FAQ
    17. 

  17.       </h1>
    18. 

  18. <div align="center">
    19. 

  19. </div>
    20. 

  20. 

  21. 

  22. <a name="SEC_Top"></a>
    23. 

  23. 

  24. <span id="SEC_Contents"></span>
    25. 

  25. <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2>
    26. 

  26. 

  27. <div class="contents">
    28. 

  28. 

  29. <ul class="no-bullet">
    30. 

  30.   <li><a id="toc-General-Questions" href="#General-Questions">1 General Questions</a>
    31. 

  31.   <ul class="no-bullet">
    32. 

  32.     <li><a id="toc-Why-doesn_0027t-FFmpeg-support-feature-_005bxyz_005d_003f" href="#Why-doesn_0027t-FFmpeg-support-feature-_005bxyz_005d_003f">1.1 Why doesn&rsquo;t FFmpeg support feature [xyz]?</a></li>
    33. 

  33.     <li><a id="toc-FFmpeg-does-not-support-codec-XXX_002e-Can-you-include-a-Windows-DLL-loader-to-support-it_003f" href="#FFmpeg-does-not-support-codec-XXX_002e-Can-you-include-a-Windows-DLL-loader-to-support-it_003f">1.2 FFmpeg does not support codec XXX. Can you include a Windows DLL loader to support it?</a></li>
    34. 

  34.     <li><a id="toc-I-cannot-read-this-file-although-this-format-seems-to-be-supported-by-ffmpeg_002e" href="#I-cannot-read-this-file-although-this-format-seems-to-be-supported-by-ffmpeg_002e">1.3 I cannot read this file although this format seems to be supported by ffmpeg.</a></li>
    35. 

  35.     <li><a id="toc-Which-codecs-are-supported-by-Windows_003f" href="#Which-codecs-are-supported-by-Windows_003f">1.4 Which codecs are supported by Windows?</a></li>
    36. 

  36.   </ul></li>
    37. 

  37.   <li><a id="toc-Compilation" href="#Compilation">2 Compilation</a>
    38. 

  38.   <ul class="no-bullet">
    39. 

  39.     <li><a id="toc-error_003a-can_0027t-find-a-register-in-class-_0027GENERAL_005fREGS_0027-while-reloading-_0027asm_0027" href="#error_003a-can_0027t-find-a-register-in-class-_0027GENERAL_005fREGS_0027-while-reloading-_0027asm_0027">2.1 <code>error: can't find a register in class 'GENERAL_REGS' while reloading 'asm'</code></a></li>
    40. 

  40.     <li><a id="toc-I-have-installed-this-library-with-my-distro_0027s-package-manager_002e-Why-does-configure-not-see-it_003f" href="#I-have-installed-this-library-with-my-distro_0027s-package-manager_002e-Why-does-configure-not-see-it_003f">2.2 I have installed this library with my distro&rsquo;s package manager. Why does <code>configure</code> not see it?</a></li>
    41. 

  41.     <li><a id="toc-How-do-I-make-pkg_002dconfig-find-my-libraries_003f" href="#How-do-I-make-pkg_002dconfig-find-my-libraries_003f">2.3 How do I make <code>pkg-config</code> find my libraries?</a></li>
    42. 

  42.     <li><a id="toc-How-do-I-use-pkg_002dconfig-when-cross_002dcompiling_003f" href="#How-do-I-use-pkg_002dconfig-when-cross_002dcompiling_003f">2.4 How do I use <code>pkg-config</code> when cross-compiling?</a></li>
    43. 

  43.   </ul></li>
    44. 

  44.   <li><a id="toc-Usage" href="#Usage">3 Usage</a>
    45. 

  45.   <ul class="no-bullet">
    46. 

  46.     <li><a id="toc-ffmpeg-does-not-work_003b-what-is-wrong_003f" href="#ffmpeg-does-not-work_003b-what-is-wrong_003f">3.1 ffmpeg does not work; what is wrong?</a></li>
    47. 

  47.     <li><a id="toc-How-do-I-encode-single-pictures-into-movies_003f" href="#How-do-I-encode-single-pictures-into-movies_003f">3.2 How do I encode single pictures into movies?</a></li>
    48. 

  48.     <li><a id="toc-How-do-I-encode-movie-to-single-pictures_003f" href="#How-do-I-encode-movie-to-single-pictures_003f">3.3 How do I encode movie to single pictures?</a></li>
    49. 

  49.     <li><a id="toc-Why-do-I-see-a-slight-quality-degradation-with-multithreaded-MPEG_002a-encoding_003f" href="#Why-do-I-see-a-slight-quality-degradation-with-multithreaded-MPEG_002a-encoding_003f">3.4 Why do I see a slight quality degradation with multithreaded MPEG* encoding?</a></li>
    50. 

  50.     <li><a id="toc-How-can-I-read-from-the-standard-input-or-write-to-the-standard-output_003f" href="#How-can-I-read-from-the-standard-input-or-write-to-the-standard-output_003f">3.5 How can I read from the standard input or write to the standard output?</a></li>
    51. 

  51.     <li><a id="toc-_002df-jpeg-doesn_0027t-work_002e" href="#g_t_002df-jpeg-doesn_0027t-work_002e">3.6 -f jpeg doesn&rsquo;t work.</a></li>
    52. 

  52.     <li><a id="toc-Why-can-I-not-change-the-frame-rate_003f" href="#Why-can-I-not-change-the-frame-rate_003f">3.7 Why can I not change the frame rate?</a></li>
    53. 

  53.     <li><a id="toc-How-do-I-encode-Xvid-or-DivX-video-with-ffmpeg_003f" href="#How-do-I-encode-Xvid-or-DivX-video-with-ffmpeg_003f">3.8 How do I encode Xvid or DivX video with ffmpeg?</a></li>
    54. 

  54.     <li><a id="toc-Which-are-good-parameters-for-encoding-high-quality-MPEG_002d4_003f" href="#Which-are-good-parameters-for-encoding-high-quality-MPEG_002d4_003f">3.9 Which are good parameters for encoding high quality MPEG-4?</a></li>
    55. 

  55.     <li><a id="toc-Which-are-good-parameters-for-encoding-high-quality-MPEG_002d1_002fMPEG_002d2_003f" href="#Which-are-good-parameters-for-encoding-high-quality-MPEG_002d1_002fMPEG_002d2_003f">3.10 Which are good parameters for encoding high quality MPEG-1/MPEG-2?</a></li>
    56. 

  56.     <li><a id="toc-Interlaced-video-looks-very-bad-when-encoded-with-ffmpeg_002c-what-is-wrong_003f" href="#Interlaced-video-looks-very-bad-when-encoded-with-ffmpeg_002c-what-is-wrong_003f">3.11 Interlaced video looks very bad when encoded with ffmpeg, what is wrong?</a></li>
    57. 

  57.     <li><a id="toc-How-can-I-read-DirectShow-files_003f" href="#How-can-I-read-DirectShow-files_003f">3.12 How can I read DirectShow files?</a></li>
    58. 

  58.     <li><a id="toc-How-can-I-join-video-files_003f" href="#How-can-I-join-video-files_003f">3.13 How can I join video files?</a></li>
    59. 

  59.     <li><a id="toc-How-can-I-concatenate-video-files_003f" href="#How-can-I-concatenate-video-files_003f">3.14 How can I concatenate video files?</a>
    60. 

  60.     <ul class="no-bullet">
    61. 

  61.       <li><a id="toc-Concatenating-using-the-concat-filter" href="#Concatenating-using-the-concat-filter">3.14.1 Concatenating using the concat <em>filter</em></a></li>
    62. 

  62.       <li><a id="toc-Concatenating-using-the-concat-demuxer" href="#Concatenating-using-the-concat-demuxer">3.14.2 Concatenating using the concat <em>demuxer</em></a></li>
    63. 

  63.       <li><a id="toc-Concatenating-using-the-concat-protocol-_0028file-level_0029" href="#Concatenating-using-the-concat-protocol-_0028file-level_0029">3.14.3 Concatenating using the concat <em>protocol</em> (file level)</a></li>
    64. 

  64.       <li><a id="toc-Concatenating-using-raw-audio-and-video" href="#Concatenating-using-raw-audio-and-video">3.14.4 Concatenating using raw audio and video</a></li>
    65. 

  65.     </ul></li>
    66. 

  66.     <li><a id="toc-Using-_002df-lavfi_002c-audio-becomes-mono-for-no-apparent-reason_002e" href="#Using-_002df-lavfi_002c-audio-becomes-mono-for-no-apparent-reason_002e">3.15 Using <samp>-f lavfi</samp>, audio becomes mono for no apparent reason.</a></li>
    67. 

  67.     <li><a id="toc-Why-does-FFmpeg-not-see-the-subtitles-in-my-VOB-file_003f" href="#Why-does-FFmpeg-not-see-the-subtitles-in-my-VOB-file_003f">3.16 Why does FFmpeg not see the subtitles in my VOB file?</a></li>
    68. 

  68.     <li><a id="toc-Why-was-the-ffmpeg-_002dsameq-option-removed_003f-What-to-use-instead_003f" href="#Why-was-the-ffmpeg-_002dsameq-option-removed_003f-What-to-use-instead_003f">3.17 Why was the <code>ffmpeg</code> <samp>-sameq</samp> option removed? What to use instead?</a></li>
    69. 

  69.     <li><a id="toc-I-have-a-stretched-video_002c-why-does-scaling-does-not-fix-it_003f" href="#I-have-a-stretched-video_002c-why-does-scaling-does-not-fix-it_003f">3.18 I have a stretched video, why does scaling does not fix it?</a></li>
    70. 

  70.     <li><a id="toc-How-do-I-run-ffmpeg-as-a-background-task_003f" href="#How-do-I-run-ffmpeg-as-a-background-task_003f">3.19 How do I run ffmpeg as a background task?</a></li>
    71. 

  71.     <li><a id="toc-How-do-I-prevent-ffmpeg-from-suspending-with-a-message-like-suspended-_0028tty-output_0029_003f" href="#How-do-I-prevent-ffmpeg-from-suspending-with-a-message-like-suspended-_0028tty-output_0029_003f">3.20 How do I prevent ffmpeg from suspending with a message like <em>suspended (tty output)</em>?</a></li>
    72. 

  72.   </ul></li>
    73. 

  73.   <li><a id="toc-Development" href="#Development">4 Development</a>
    74. 

  74.   <ul class="no-bullet">
    75. 

  75.     <li><a id="toc-Are-there-examples-illustrating-how-to-use-the-FFmpeg-libraries_002c-particularly-libavcodec-and-libavformat_003f" href="#Are-there-examples-illustrating-how-to-use-the-FFmpeg-libraries_002c-particularly-libavcodec-and-libavformat_003f">4.1 Are there examples illustrating how to use the FFmpeg libraries, particularly libavcodec and libavformat?</a></li>
    76. 

  76.     <li><a id="toc-Can-you-support-my-C-compiler-XXX_003f" href="#Can-you-support-my-C-compiler-XXX_003f">4.2 Can you support my C compiler XXX?</a></li>
    77. 

  77.     <li><a id="toc-Is-Microsoft-Visual-C_002b_002b-supported_003f" href="#Is-Microsoft-Visual-C_002b_002b-supported_003f">4.3 Is Microsoft Visual C++ supported?</a></li>
    78. 

  78.     <li><a id="toc-Can-you-add-automake_002c-libtool-or-autoconf-support_003f" href="#Can-you-add-automake_002c-libtool-or-autoconf-support_003f">4.4 Can you add automake, libtool or autoconf support?</a></li>
    79. 

  79.     <li><a id="toc-Why-not-rewrite-FFmpeg-in-object_002doriented-C_002b_002b_003f" href="#Why-not-rewrite-FFmpeg-in-object_002doriented-C_002b_002b_003f">4.5 Why not rewrite FFmpeg in object-oriented C++?</a></li>
    80. 

  80.     <li><a id="toc-Why-are-the-ffmpeg-programs-devoid-of-debugging-symbols_003f" href="#Why-are-the-ffmpeg-programs-devoid-of-debugging-symbols_003f">4.6 Why are the ffmpeg programs devoid of debugging symbols?</a></li>
    81. 

  81.     <li><a id="toc-I-do-not-like-the-LGPL_002c-can-I-contribute-code-under-the-GPL-instead_003f" href="#I-do-not-like-the-LGPL_002c-can-I-contribute-code-under-the-GPL-instead_003f">4.7 I do not like the LGPL, can I contribute code under the GPL instead?</a></li>
    82. 

  82.     <li><a id="toc-I_0027m-using-FFmpeg-from-within-my-C-application-but-the-linker-complains-about-missing-symbols-from-the-libraries-themselves_002e" href="#I_0027m-using-FFmpeg-from-within-my-C-application-but-the-linker-complains-about-missing-symbols-from-the-libraries-themselves_002e">4.8 I&rsquo;m using FFmpeg from within my C application but the linker complains about missing symbols from the libraries themselves.</a></li>
    83. 

  83.     <li><a id="toc-I_0027m-using-FFmpeg-from-within-my-C_002b_002b-application-but-the-linker-complains-about-missing-symbols-which-seem-to-be-available_002e" href="#I_0027m-using-FFmpeg-from-within-my-C_002b_002b-application-but-the-linker-complains-about-missing-symbols-which-seem-to-be-available_002e">4.9 I&rsquo;m using FFmpeg from within my C++ application but the linker complains about missing symbols which seem to be available.</a></li>
    84. 

  84.     <li><a id="toc-I_0027m-using-libavutil-from-within-my-C_002b_002b-application-but-the-compiler-complains-about-_0027UINT64_005fC_0027-was-not-declared-in-this-scope" href="#I_0027m-using-libavutil-from-within-my-C_002b_002b-application-but-the-compiler-complains-about-_0027UINT64_005fC_0027-was-not-declared-in-this-scope">4.10 I&rsquo;m using libavutil from within my C++ application but the compiler complains about &rsquo;UINT64_C&rsquo; was not declared in this scope</a></li>
    85. 

  85.     <li><a id="toc-I-have-a-file-in-memory-_002f-a-API-different-from-_002aopen_002f_002aread_002f-libc-how-do-I-use-it-with-libavformat_003f" href="#I-have-a-file-in-memory-_002f-a-API-different-from-_002aopen_002f_002aread_002f-libc-how-do-I-use-it-with-libavformat_003f">4.11 I have a file in memory / a API different from *open/*read/ libc how do I use it with libavformat?</a></li>
    86. 

  86.     <li><a id="toc-Where-is-the-documentation-about-ffv1_002c-msmpeg4_002c-asv1_002c-4xm_003f" href="#Where-is-the-documentation-about-ffv1_002c-msmpeg4_002c-asv1_002c-4xm_003f">4.12 Where is the documentation about ffv1, msmpeg4, asv1, 4xm?</a></li>
    87. 

  87.     <li><a id="toc-How-do-I-feed-H_002e263_002dRTP-_0028and-other-codecs-in-RTP_0029-to-libavcodec_003f" href="#How-do-I-feed-H_002e263_002dRTP-_0028and-other-codecs-in-RTP_0029-to-libavcodec_003f">4.13 How do I feed H.263-RTP (and other codecs in RTP) to libavcodec?</a></li>
    88. 

  88.     <li><a id="toc-AVStream_002er_005fframe_005frate-is-wrong_002c-it-is-much-larger-than-the-frame-rate_002e" href="#AVStream_002er_005fframe_005frate-is-wrong_002c-it-is-much-larger-than-the-frame-rate_002e">4.14 AVStream.r_frame_rate is wrong, it is much larger than the frame rate.</a></li>
    89. 

  89.     <li><a id="toc-Why-is-make-fate-not-running-all-tests_003f" href="#Why-is-make-fate-not-running-all-tests_003f">4.15 Why is <code>make fate</code> not running all tests?</a></li>
    90. 

  90.     <li><a id="toc-Why-is-make-fate-not-finding-the-samples_003f" href="#Why-is-make-fate-not-finding-the-samples_003f">4.16 Why is <code>make fate</code> not finding the samples?</a></li>
    91. 

  91.   </ul></li>
    92. 

  92. </ul>
    93. 

  93. </div>
    94. 

  94. 

  95. 

  96. <a name="General-Questions"></a>
    97. 

  97. <h2 class="chapter">1 General Questions<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#General-Questions" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-General-Questions" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
    98. 

  98. 

  99. <a name="Why-doesn_0027t-FFmpeg-support-feature-_005bxyz_005d_003f"></a>
    100. 

  100. <h3 class="section">1.1 Why doesn&rsquo;t FFmpeg support feature [xyz]?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Why-doesn_0027t-FFmpeg-support-feature-_005bxyz_005d_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Why-doesn_0027t-FFmpeg-support-feature-_005bxyz_005d_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    101. 

  101. 

  102. <p>Because no one has taken on that task yet. FFmpeg development is
    103. 

  103. driven by the tasks that are important to the individual developers.
    104. 

  104. If there is a feature that is important to you, the best way to get
    105. 

  105. it implemented is to undertake the task yourself or sponsor a developer.
    106. 

  106. </p>
    107. 

  107. <a name="FFmpeg-does-not-support-codec-XXX_002e-Can-you-include-a-Windows-DLL-loader-to-support-it_003f"></a>
    108. 

  108. <h3 class="section">1.2 FFmpeg does not support codec XXX. Can you include a Windows DLL loader to support it?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#FFmpeg-does-not-support-codec-XXX_002e-Can-you-include-a-Windows-DLL-loader-to-support-it_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-FFmpeg-does-not-support-codec-XXX_002e-Can-you-include-a-Windows-DLL-loader-to-support-it_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    109. 

  109. 

  110. <p>No. Windows DLLs are not portable, bloated and often slow.
    111. 

  111. Moreover FFmpeg strives to support all codecs natively.
    112. 

  112. A DLL loader is not conducive to that goal.
    113. 

  113. </p>
    114. 

  114. <a name="I-cannot-read-this-file-although-this-format-seems-to-be-supported-by-ffmpeg_002e"></a>
    115. 

  115. <h3 class="section">1.3 I cannot read this file although this format seems to be supported by ffmpeg.<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#I-cannot-read-this-file-although-this-format-seems-to-be-supported-by-ffmpeg_002e" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-I-cannot-read-this-file-although-this-format-seems-to-be-supported-by-ffmpeg_002e" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    116. 

  116. 

  117. <p>Even if ffmpeg can read the container format, it may not support all its
    118. 

  118. codecs. Please consult the supported codec list in the ffmpeg
    119. 

  119. documentation.
    120. 

  120. </p>
    121. 

  121. <a name="Which-codecs-are-supported-by-Windows_003f"></a>
    122. 

  122. <h3 class="section">1.4 Which codecs are supported by Windows?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Which-codecs-are-supported-by-Windows_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Which-codecs-are-supported-by-Windows_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    123. 

  123. 

  124. <p>Windows does not support standard formats like MPEG very well, unless you
    125. 

  125. install some additional codecs.
    126. 

  126. </p>
    127. 

  127. <p>The following list of video codecs should work on most Windows systems:
    128. 

  128. </p><dl compact="compact">
    129. 

  129. <dt><samp>msmpeg4v2</samp></dt>
    130. 

  130. <dd><p>.avi/.asf
    131. 

  131. </p></dd>
    132. 

  132. <dt><samp>msmpeg4</samp></dt>
    133. 

  133. <dd><p>.asf only
    134. 

  134. </p></dd>
    135. 

  135. <dt><samp>wmv1</samp></dt>
    136. 

  136. <dd><p>.asf only
    137. 

  137. </p></dd>
    138. 

  138. <dt><samp>wmv2</samp></dt>
    139. 

  139. <dd><p>.asf only
    140. 

  140. </p></dd>
    141. 

  141. <dt><samp>mpeg4</samp></dt>
    142. 

  142. <dd><p>Only if you have some MPEG-4 codec like ffdshow or Xvid installed.
    143. 

  143. </p></dd>
    144. 

  144. <dt><samp>mpeg1video</samp></dt>
    145. 

  145. <dd><p>.mpg only
    146. 

  146. </p></dd>
    147. 

  147. </dl>
    148. 

  148. <p>Note, ASF files often have .wmv or .wma extensions in Windows. It should also
    149. 

  149. be mentioned that Microsoft claims a patent on the ASF format, and may sue
    150. 

  150. or threaten users who create ASF files with non-Microsoft software. It is
    151. 

  151. strongly advised to avoid ASF where possible.
    152. 

  152. </p>
    153. 

  153. <p>The following list of audio codecs should work on most Windows systems:
    154. 

  154. </p><dl compact="compact">
    155. 

  155. <dt><samp>adpcm_ima_wav</samp></dt>
    156. 

  156. <dt><samp>adpcm_ms</samp></dt>
    157. 

  157. <dt><samp>pcm_s16le</samp></dt>
    158. 

  158. <dd><p>always
    159. 

  159. </p></dd>
    160. 

  160. <dt><samp>libmp3lame</samp></dt>
    161. 

  161. <dd><p>If some MP3 codec like LAME is installed.
    162. 

  162. </p></dd>
    163. 

  163. </dl>
    164. 

  164. 

  165. 

  166. <a name="Compilation"></a>
    167. 

  167. <h2 class="chapter">2 Compilation<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Compilation" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Compilation" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
    168. 

  168. 

  169. <a name="error_003a-can_0027t-find-a-register-in-class-_0027GENERAL_005fREGS_0027-while-reloading-_0027asm_0027"></a>
    170. 

  170. <h3 class="section">2.1 <code>error: can't find a register in class 'GENERAL_REGS' while reloading 'asm'</code><span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#error_003a-can_0027t-find-a-register-in-class-_0027GENERAL_005fREGS_0027-while-reloading-_0027asm_0027" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-error_003a-can_0027t-find-a-register-in-class-_0027GENERAL_005fREGS_0027-while-reloading-_0027asm_0027" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    171. 

  171. 

  172. <p>This is a bug in gcc. Do not report it to us. Instead, please report it to
    173. 

  173. the gcc developers. Note that we will not add workarounds for gcc bugs.
    174. 

  174. </p>
    175. 

  175. <p>Also note that (some of) the gcc developers believe this is not a bug or
    176. 

  176. not a bug they should fix:
    177. 

  177. <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=11203">https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=11203</a>.
    178. 

  178. Then again, some of them do not know the difference between an undecidable
    179. 

  179. problem and an NP-hard problem...
    180. 

  180. </p>
    181. 

  181. <a name="I-have-installed-this-library-with-my-distro_0027s-package-manager_002e-Why-does-configure-not-see-it_003f"></a>
    182. 

  182. <h3 class="section">2.2 I have installed this library with my distro&rsquo;s package manager. Why does <code>configure</code> not see it?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#I-have-installed-this-library-with-my-distro_0027s-package-manager_002e-Why-does-configure-not-see-it_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-I-have-installed-this-library-with-my-distro_0027s-package-manager_002e-Why-does-configure-not-see-it_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    183. 

  183. 

  184. <p>Distributions usually split libraries in several packages. The main package
    185. 

  185. contains the files necessary to run programs using the library. The
    186. 

  186. development package contains the files necessary to build programs using the
    187. 

  187. library. Sometimes, docs and/or data are in a separate package too.
    188. 

  188. </p>
    189. 

  189. <p>To build FFmpeg, you need to install the development package. It is usually
    190. 

  190. called <samp>libfoo-dev</samp> or <samp>libfoo-devel</samp>. You can remove it after the
    191. 

  191. build is finished, but be sure to keep the main package.
    192. 

  192. </p>
    193. 

  193. <a name="How-do-I-make-pkg_002dconfig-find-my-libraries_003f"></a>
    194. 

  194. <h3 class="section">2.3 How do I make <code>pkg-config</code> find my libraries?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#How-do-I-make-pkg_002dconfig-find-my-libraries_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-How-do-I-make-pkg_002dconfig-find-my-libraries_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    195. 

  195. 

  196. <p>Somewhere along with your libraries, there is a <samp>.pc</samp> file (or several)
    197. 

  197. in a <samp>pkgconfig</samp> directory. You need to set environment variables to
    198. 

  198. point <code>pkg-config</code> to these files.
    199. 

  199. </p>
    200. 

  200. <p>If you need to <em>add</em> directories to <code>pkg-config</code>&rsquo;s search list
    201. 

  201. (typical use case: library installed separately), add it to
    202. 

  202. <code>$PKG_CONFIG_PATH</code>:
    203. 

  203. </p>
    204. 

  204. <div class="example">
    205. 

  205. <pre class="example">export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/x264/lib/pkgconfig:/opt/opus/lib/pkgconfig
    206. 

  206. </pre></div>
    207. 

  207. 

  208. <p>If you need to <em>replace</em> <code>pkg-config</code>&rsquo;s search list
    209. 

  209. (typical use case: cross-compiling), set it in
    210. 

  210. <code>$PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR</code>:
    211. 

  211. </p>
    212. 

  212. <div class="example">
    213. 

  213. <pre class="example">export PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR=/home/me/cross/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/home/me/cross/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
    214. 

  214. </pre></div>
    215. 

  215. 

  216. <p>If you need to know the library&rsquo;s internal dependencies (typical use: static
    217. 

  217. linking), add the <code>--static</code> option to <code>pkg-config</code>:
    218. 

  218. </p>
    219. 

  219. <div class="example">
    220. 

  220. <pre class="example">./configure --pkg-config-flags=--static
    221. 

  221. </pre></div>
    222. 

  222. 

  223. <a name="How-do-I-use-pkg_002dconfig-when-cross_002dcompiling_003f"></a>
    224. 

  224. <h3 class="section">2.4 How do I use <code>pkg-config</code> when cross-compiling?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#How-do-I-use-pkg_002dconfig-when-cross_002dcompiling_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-How-do-I-use-pkg_002dconfig-when-cross_002dcompiling_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    225. 

  225. 

  226. <p>The best way is to install <code>pkg-config</code> in your cross-compilation
    227. 

  227. environment. It will automatically use the cross-compilation libraries.
    228. 

  228. </p>
    229. 

  229. <p>You can also use <code>pkg-config</code> from the host environment by
    230. 

  230. specifying explicitly <code>--pkg-config=pkg-config</code> to <code>configure</code>.
    231. 

  231. In that case, you must point <code>pkg-config</code> to the correct directories
    232. 

  232. using the <code>PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR</code>, as explained in the previous entry.
    233. 

  233. </p>
    234. 

  234. <p>As an intermediate solution, you can place in your cross-compilation
    235. 

  235. environment a script that calls the host <code>pkg-config</code> with
    236. 

  236. <code>PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR</code> set. That script can look like that:
    237. 

  237. </p>
    238. 

  238. <div class="example">
    239. 

  239. <pre class="example">#!/bin/sh
    240. 

  240. PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR=/path/to/cross/lib/pkgconfig
    241. 

  241. export PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
    242. 

  242. exec /usr/bin/pkg-config &quot;$@&quot;
    243. 

  243. </pre></div>
    244. 

  244. 

  245. <a name="Usage"></a>
    246. 

  246. <h2 class="chapter">3 Usage<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Usage" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Usage" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
    247. 

  247. 

  248. <a name="ffmpeg-does-not-work_003b-what-is-wrong_003f"></a>
    249. 

  249. <h3 class="section">3.1 ffmpeg does not work; what is wrong?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#ffmpeg-does-not-work_003b-what-is-wrong_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-ffmpeg-does-not-work_003b-what-is-wrong_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    250. 

  250. 

  251. <p>Try a <code>make distclean</code> in the ffmpeg source directory before the build.
    252. 

  252. If this does not help see
    253. 

  253. (<a href="https://ffmpeg.org/bugreports.html">https://ffmpeg.org/bugreports.html</a>).
    254. 

  254. </p>
    255. 

  255. <a name="How-do-I-encode-single-pictures-into-movies_003f"></a>
    256. 

  256. <h3 class="section">3.2 How do I encode single pictures into movies?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#How-do-I-encode-single-pictures-into-movies_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-How-do-I-encode-single-pictures-into-movies_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    257. 

  257. 

  258. <p>First, rename your pictures to follow a numerical sequence.
    259. 

  259. For example, img1.jpg, img2.jpg, img3.jpg,...
    260. 

  260. Then you may run:
    261. 

  261. </p>
    262. 

  262. <div class="example">
    263. 

  263. <pre class="example">ffmpeg -f image2 -i img%d.jpg /tmp/a.mpg
    264. 

  264. </pre></div>
    265. 

  265. 

  266. <p>Notice that &lsquo;<samp>%d</samp>&rsquo; is replaced by the image number.
    267. 

  267. </p>
    268. 

  268. <p><samp>img%03d.jpg</samp> means the sequence <samp>img001.jpg</samp>, <samp>img002.jpg</samp>, etc.
    269. 

  269. </p>
    270. 

  270. <p>Use the <samp>-start_number</samp> option to declare a starting number for
    271. 

  271. the sequence. This is useful if your sequence does not start with
    272. 

  272. <samp>img001.jpg</samp> but is still in a numerical order. The following
    273. 

  273. example will start with <samp>img100.jpg</samp>:
    274. 

  274. </p>
    275. 

  275. <div class="example">
    276. 

  276. <pre class="example">ffmpeg -f image2 -start_number 100 -i img%d.jpg /tmp/a.mpg
    277. 

  277. </pre></div>
    278. 

  278. 

  279. <p>If you have large number of pictures to rename, you can use the
    280. 

  280. following command to ease the burden. The command, using the bourne
    281. 

  281. shell syntax, symbolically links all files in the current directory
    282. 

  282. that match <code>*jpg</code> to the <samp>/tmp</samp> directory in the sequence of
    283. 

  283. <samp>img001.jpg</samp>, <samp>img002.jpg</samp> and so on.
    284. 

  284. </p>
    285. 

  285. <div class="example">
    286. 

  286. <pre class="example">x=1; for i in *jpg; do counter=$(printf %03d $x); ln -s &quot;$i&quot; /tmp/img&quot;$counter&quot;.jpg; x=$(($x+1)); done
    287. 

  287. </pre></div>
    288. 

  288. 

  289. <p>If you want to sequence them by oldest modified first, substitute
    290. 

  290. <code>$(ls -r -t *jpg)</code> in place of <code>*jpg</code>.
    291. 

  291. </p>
    292. 

  292. <p>Then run:
    293. 

  293. </p>
    294. 

  294. <div class="example">
    295. 

  295. <pre class="example">ffmpeg -f image2 -i /tmp/img%03d.jpg /tmp/a.mpg
    296. 

  296. </pre></div>
    297. 

  297. 

  298. <p>The same logic is used for any image format that ffmpeg reads.
    299. 

  299. </p>
    300. 

  300. <p>You can also use <code>cat</code> to pipe images to ffmpeg:
    301. 

  301. </p>
    302. 

  302. <div class="example">
    303. 

  303. <pre class="example">cat *.jpg | ffmpeg -f image2pipe -c:v mjpeg -i - output.mpg
    304. 

  304. </pre></div>
    305. 

  305. 

  306. <a name="How-do-I-encode-movie-to-single-pictures_003f"></a>
    307. 

  307. <h3 class="section">3.3 How do I encode movie to single pictures?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#How-do-I-encode-movie-to-single-pictures_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-How-do-I-encode-movie-to-single-pictures_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    308. 

  308. 

  309. <p>Use:
    310. 

  310. </p>
    311. 

  311. <div class="example">
    312. 

  312. <pre class="example">ffmpeg -i movie.mpg movie%d.jpg
    313. 

  313. </pre></div>
    314. 

  314. 

  315. <p>The <samp>movie.mpg</samp> used as input will be converted to
    316. 

  316. <samp>movie1.jpg</samp>, <samp>movie2.jpg</samp>, etc...
    317. 

  317. </p>
    318. 

  318. <p>Instead of relying on file format self-recognition, you may also use
    319. 

  319. </p><dl compact="compact">
    320. 

  320. <dt><samp>-c:v ppm</samp></dt>
    321. 

  321. <dt><samp>-c:v png</samp></dt>
    322. 

  322. <dt><samp>-c:v mjpeg</samp></dt>
    323. 

  323. </dl>
    324. 

  324. <p>to force the encoding.
    325. 

  325. </p>
    326. 

  326. <p>Applying that to the previous example:
    327. 

  327. </p><div class="example">
    328. 

  328. <pre class="example">ffmpeg -i movie.mpg -f image2 -c:v mjpeg menu%d.jpg
    329. 

  329. </pre></div>
    330. 

  330. 

  331. <p>Beware that there is no &quot;jpeg&quot; codec. Use &quot;mjpeg&quot; instead.
    332. 

  332. </p>
    333. 

  333. <a name="Why-do-I-see-a-slight-quality-degradation-with-multithreaded-MPEG_002a-encoding_003f"></a>
    334. 

  334. <h3 class="section">3.4 Why do I see a slight quality degradation with multithreaded MPEG* encoding?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Why-do-I-see-a-slight-quality-degradation-with-multithreaded-MPEG_002a-encoding_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Why-do-I-see-a-slight-quality-degradation-with-multithreaded-MPEG_002a-encoding_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    335. 

  335. 

  336. <p>For multithreaded MPEG* encoding, the encoded slices must be independent,
    337. 

  337. otherwise thread n would practically have to wait for n-1 to finish, so it&rsquo;s
    338. 

  338. quite logical that there is a small reduction of quality. This is not a bug.
    339. 

  339. </p>
    340. 

  340. <a name="How-can-I-read-from-the-standard-input-or-write-to-the-standard-output_003f"></a>
    341. 

  341. <h3 class="section">3.5 How can I read from the standard input or write to the standard output?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#How-can-I-read-from-the-standard-input-or-write-to-the-standard-output_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-How-can-I-read-from-the-standard-input-or-write-to-the-standard-output_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    342. 

  342. 

  343. <p>Use <samp>-</samp> as file name.
    344. 

  344. </p>
    345. 

  345. <a name="g_t_002df-jpeg-doesn_0027t-work_002e"></a>
    346. 

  346. <h3 class="section">3.6 -f jpeg doesn&rsquo;t work.<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#_002df-jpeg-doesn_0027t-work_002e" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-_002df-jpeg-doesn_0027t-work_002e" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    347. 

  347. 

  348. <p>Try &rsquo;-f image2 test%d.jpg&rsquo;.
    349. 

  349. </p>
    350. 

  350. <a name="Why-can-I-not-change-the-frame-rate_003f"></a>
    351. 

  351. <h3 class="section">3.7 Why can I not change the frame rate?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Why-can-I-not-change-the-frame-rate_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Why-can-I-not-change-the-frame-rate_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    352. 

  352. 

  353. <p>Some codecs, like MPEG-1/2, only allow a small number of fixed frame rates.
    354. 

  354. Choose a different codec with the -c:v command line option.
    355. 

  355. </p>
    356. 

  356. <a name="How-do-I-encode-Xvid-or-DivX-video-with-ffmpeg_003f"></a>
    357. 

  357. <h3 class="section">3.8 How do I encode Xvid or DivX video with ffmpeg?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#How-do-I-encode-Xvid-or-DivX-video-with-ffmpeg_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-How-do-I-encode-Xvid-or-DivX-video-with-ffmpeg_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    358. 

  358. 

  359. <p>Both Xvid and DivX (version 4+) are implementations of the ISO MPEG-4
    360. 

  360. standard (note that there are many other coding formats that use this
    361. 

  361. same standard). Thus, use &rsquo;-c:v mpeg4&rsquo; to encode in these formats. The
    362. 

  362. default fourcc stored in an MPEG-4-coded file will be &rsquo;FMP4&rsquo;. If you want
    363. 

  363. a different fourcc, use the &rsquo;-vtag&rsquo; option. E.g., &rsquo;-vtag xvid&rsquo; will
    364. 

  364. force the fourcc &rsquo;xvid&rsquo; to be stored as the video fourcc rather than the
    365. 

  365. default.
    366. 

  366. </p>
    367. 

  367. <a name="Which-are-good-parameters-for-encoding-high-quality-MPEG_002d4_003f"></a>
    368. 

  368. <h3 class="section">3.9 Which are good parameters for encoding high quality MPEG-4?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Which-are-good-parameters-for-encoding-high-quality-MPEG_002d4_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Which-are-good-parameters-for-encoding-high-quality-MPEG_002d4_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    369. 

  369. 

  370. <p>&rsquo;-mbd rd -flags +mv4+aic -trellis 2 -cmp 2 -subcmp 2 -g 300 -pass 1/2&rsquo;,
    371. 

  371. things to try: &rsquo;-bf 2&rsquo;, &rsquo;-mpv_flags qp_rd&rsquo;, &rsquo;-mpv_flags mv0&rsquo;, &rsquo;-mpv_flags skip_rd&rsquo;.
    372. 

  372. </p>
    373. 

  373. <a name="Which-are-good-parameters-for-encoding-high-quality-MPEG_002d1_002fMPEG_002d2_003f"></a>
    374. 

  374. <h3 class="section">3.10 Which are good parameters for encoding high quality MPEG-1/MPEG-2?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Which-are-good-parameters-for-encoding-high-quality-MPEG_002d1_002fMPEG_002d2_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Which-are-good-parameters-for-encoding-high-quality-MPEG_002d1_002fMPEG_002d2_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    375. 

  375. 

  376. <p>&rsquo;-mbd rd -trellis 2 -cmp 2 -subcmp 2 -g 100 -pass 1/2&rsquo;
    377. 

  377. but beware the &rsquo;-g 100&rsquo; might cause problems with some decoders.
    378. 

  378. Things to try: &rsquo;-bf 2&rsquo;, &rsquo;-mpv_flags qp_rd&rsquo;, &rsquo;-mpv_flags mv0&rsquo;, &rsquo;-mpv_flags skip_rd&rsquo;.
    379. 

  379. </p>
    380. 

  380. <a name="Interlaced-video-looks-very-bad-when-encoded-with-ffmpeg_002c-what-is-wrong_003f"></a>
    381. 

  381. <h3 class="section">3.11 Interlaced video looks very bad when encoded with ffmpeg, what is wrong?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Interlaced-video-looks-very-bad-when-encoded-with-ffmpeg_002c-what-is-wrong_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Interlaced-video-looks-very-bad-when-encoded-with-ffmpeg_002c-what-is-wrong_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    382. 

  382. 

  383. <p>You should use &rsquo;-flags +ilme+ildct&rsquo; and maybe &rsquo;-flags +alt&rsquo; for interlaced
    384. 

  384. material, and try &rsquo;-top 0/1&rsquo; if the result looks really messed-up.
    385. 

  385. </p>
    386. 

  386. <a name="How-can-I-read-DirectShow-files_003f"></a>
    387. 

  387. <h3 class="section">3.12 How can I read DirectShow files?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#How-can-I-read-DirectShow-files_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-How-can-I-read-DirectShow-files_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    388. 

  388. 

  389. <p>If you have built FFmpeg with <code>./configure --enable-avisynth</code>
    390. 

  390. (only possible on MinGW/Cygwin platforms),
    391. 

  391. then you may use any file that DirectShow can read as input.
    392. 

  392. </p>
    393. 

  393. <p>Just create an &quot;input.avs&quot; text file with this single line ...
    394. 

  394. </p><div class="example">
    395. 

  395. <pre class="example">DirectShowSource(&quot;C:\path to your file\yourfile.asf&quot;)
    396. 

  396. </pre></div>
    397. 

  397. <p>... and then feed that text file to ffmpeg:
    398. 

  398. </p><div class="example">
    399. 

  399. <pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input.avs
    400. 

  400. </pre></div>
    401. 

  401. 

  402. <p>For ANY other help on AviSynth, please visit the
    403. 

  403. <a href="http://www.avisynth.org/">AviSynth homepage</a>.
    404. 

  404. </p>
    405. 

  405. <a name="How-can-I-join-video-files_003f"></a>
    406. 

  406. <h3 class="section">3.13 How can I join video files?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#How-can-I-join-video-files_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-How-can-I-join-video-files_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    407. 

  407. 

  408. <p>To &quot;join&quot; video files is quite ambiguous. The following list explains the
    409. 

  409. different kinds of &quot;joining&quot; and points out how those are addressed in
    410. 

  410. FFmpeg. To join video files may mean:
    411. 

  411. </p>
    412. 

  412. <ul>
    413. 

  413. <li> To put them one after the other: this is called to <em>concatenate</em> them
    414. 

  414. (in short: concat) and is addressed
    415. 

  415. <a href="#How-can-I-concatenate-video-files">in this very faq</a>.
    416. 

  416. 

  417. </li><li> To put them together in the same file, to let the user choose between the
    418. 

  418. different versions (example: different audio languages): this is called to
    419. 

  419. <em>multiplex</em> them together (in short: mux), and is done by simply
    420. 

  420. invoking ffmpeg with several <samp>-i</samp> options.
    421. 

  421. 

  422. </li><li> For audio, to put all channels together in a single stream (example: two
    423. 

  423. mono streams into one stereo stream): this is sometimes called to
    424. 

  424. <em>merge</em> them, and can be done using the
    425. 

  425. <a href="ffmpeg-filters.html#amerge"><code>amerge</code></a> filter.
    426. 

  426. 

  427. </li><li> For audio, to play one on top of the other: this is called to <em>mix</em>
    428. 

  428. them, and can be done by first merging them into a single stream and then
    429. 

  429. using the <a href="ffmpeg-filters.html#pan"><code>pan</code></a> filter to mix
    430. 

  430. the channels at will.
    431. 

  431. 

  432. </li><li> For video, to display both together, side by side or one on top of a part of
    433. 

  433. the other; it can be done using the
    434. 

  434. <a href="ffmpeg-filters.html#overlay"><code>overlay</code></a> video filter.
    435. 

  435. 

  436. </li></ul>
    437. 

  437. 

  438. <span id="How-can-I-concatenate-video-files"></span><a name="How-can-I-concatenate-video-files_003f"></a>
    439. 

  439. <h3 class="section">3.14 How can I concatenate video files?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#How-can-I-concatenate-video-files_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-How-can-I-concatenate-video-files_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    440. 

  440. 

  441. <p>There are several solutions, depending on the exact circumstances.
    442. 

  442. </p>
    443. 

  443. <a name="Concatenating-using-the-concat-filter"></a>
    444. 

  444. <h4 class="subsection">3.14.1 Concatenating using the concat <em>filter</em><span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Concatenating-using-the-concat-filter" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Concatenating-using-the-concat-filter" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
    445. 

  445. 

  446. <p>FFmpeg has a <a href="ffmpeg-filters.html#concat"><code>concat</code></a> filter designed specifically for that, with examples in the
    447. 

  447. documentation. This operation is recommended if you need to re-encode.
    448. 

  448. </p>
    449. 

  449. <a name="Concatenating-using-the-concat-demuxer"></a>
    450. 

  450. <h4 class="subsection">3.14.2 Concatenating using the concat <em>demuxer</em><span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Concatenating-using-the-concat-demuxer" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Concatenating-using-the-concat-demuxer" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
    451. 

  451. 

  452. <p>FFmpeg has a <a href="ffmpeg-formats.html#concat"><code>concat</code></a> demuxer which you can use when you want to avoid a re-encode and
    453. 

  453. your format doesn&rsquo;t support file level concatenation.
    454. 

  454. </p>
    455. 

  455. <a name="Concatenating-using-the-concat-protocol-_0028file-level_0029"></a>
    456. 

  456. <h4 class="subsection">3.14.3 Concatenating using the concat <em>protocol</em> (file level)<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Concatenating-using-the-concat-protocol-_0028file-level_0029" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Concatenating-using-the-concat-protocol-_0028file-level_0029" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
    457. 

  457. 

  458. <p>FFmpeg has a <a href="ffmpeg-protocols.html#concat"><code>concat</code></a> protocol designed specifically for that, with examples in the
    459. 

  459. documentation.
    460. 

  460. </p>
    461. 

  461. <p>A few multimedia containers (MPEG-1, MPEG-2 PS, DV) allow one to concatenate
    462. 

  462. video by merely concatenating the files containing them.
    463. 

  463. </p>
    464. 

  464. <p>Hence you may concatenate your multimedia files by first transcoding them to
    465. 

  465. these privileged formats, then using the humble <code>cat</code> command (or the
    466. 

  466. equally humble <code>copy</code> under Windows), and finally transcoding back to your
    467. 

  467. format of choice.
    468. 

  468. </p>
    469. 

  469. <div class="example">
    470. 

  470. <pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input1.avi -qscale:v 1 intermediate1.mpg
    471. 

  471. ffmpeg -i input2.avi -qscale:v 1 intermediate2.mpg
    472. 

  472. cat intermediate1.mpg intermediate2.mpg &gt; intermediate_all.mpg
    473. 

  473. ffmpeg -i intermediate_all.mpg -qscale:v 2 output.avi
    474. 

  474. </pre></div>
    475. 

  475. 

  476. <p>Additionally, you can use the <code>concat</code> protocol instead of <code>cat</code> or
    477. 

  477. <code>copy</code> which will avoid creation of a potentially huge intermediate file.
    478. 

  478. </p>
    479. 

  479. <div class="example">
    480. 

  480. <pre class="example">ffmpeg -i input1.avi -qscale:v 1 intermediate1.mpg
    481. 

  481. ffmpeg -i input2.avi -qscale:v 1 intermediate2.mpg
    482. 

  482. ffmpeg -i concat:&quot;intermediate1.mpg|intermediate2.mpg&quot; -c copy intermediate_all.mpg
    483. 

  483. ffmpeg -i intermediate_all.mpg -qscale:v 2 output.avi
    484. 

  484. </pre></div>
    485. 

  485. 

  486. <p>Note that you may need to escape the character &quot;|&quot; which is special for many
    487. 

  487. shells.
    488. 

  488. </p>
    489. 

  489. <p>Another option is usage of named pipes, should your platform support it:
    490. 

  490. </p>
    491. 

  491. <div class="example">
    492. 

  492. <pre class="example">mkfifo intermediate1.mpg
    493. 

  493. mkfifo intermediate2.mpg
    494. 

  494. ffmpeg -i input1.avi -qscale:v 1 -y intermediate1.mpg &lt; /dev/null &amp;
    495. 

  495. ffmpeg -i input2.avi -qscale:v 1 -y intermediate2.mpg &lt; /dev/null &amp;
    496. 

  496. cat intermediate1.mpg intermediate2.mpg |\
    497. 

  497. ffmpeg -f mpeg -i - -c:v mpeg4 -c:a libmp3lame output.avi
    498. 

  498. </pre></div>
    499. 

  499. 

  500. <a name="Concatenating-using-raw-audio-and-video"></a>
    501. 

  501. <h4 class="subsection">3.14.4 Concatenating using raw audio and video<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Concatenating-using-raw-audio-and-video" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Concatenating-using-raw-audio-and-video" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h4>
    502. 

  502. 

  503. <p>Similarly, the yuv4mpegpipe format, and the raw video, raw audio codecs also
    504. 

  504. allow concatenation, and the transcoding step is almost lossless.
    505. 

  505. When using multiple yuv4mpegpipe(s), the first line needs to be discarded
    506. 

  506. from all but the first stream. This can be accomplished by piping through
    507. 

  507. <code>tail</code> as seen below. Note that when piping through <code>tail</code> you
    508. 

  508. must use command grouping, <code>{  ;}</code>, to background properly.
    509. 

  509. </p>
    510. 

  510. <p>For example, let&rsquo;s say we want to concatenate two FLV files into an
    511. 

  511. output.flv file:
    512. 

  512. </p>
    513. 

  513. <div class="example">
    514. 

  514. <pre class="example">mkfifo temp1.a
    515. 

  515. mkfifo temp1.v
    516. 

  516. mkfifo temp2.a
    517. 

  517. mkfifo temp2.v
    518. 

  518. mkfifo all.a
    519. 

  519. mkfifo all.v
    520. 

  520. ffmpeg -i input1.flv -vn -f u16le -c:a pcm_s16le -ac 2 -ar 44100 - &gt; temp1.a &lt; /dev/null &amp;
    521. 

  521. ffmpeg -i input2.flv -vn -f u16le -c:a pcm_s16le -ac 2 -ar 44100 - &gt; temp2.a &lt; /dev/null &amp;
    522. 

  522. ffmpeg -i input1.flv -an -f yuv4mpegpipe - &gt; temp1.v &lt; /dev/null &amp;
    523. 

  523. { ffmpeg -i input2.flv -an -f yuv4mpegpipe - &lt; /dev/null | tail -n +2 &gt; temp2.v ; } &amp;
    524. 

  524. cat temp1.a temp2.a &gt; all.a &amp;
    525. 

  525. cat temp1.v temp2.v &gt; all.v &amp;
    526. 

  526. ffmpeg -f u16le -c:a pcm_s16le -ac 2 -ar 44100 -i all.a \
    527. 

  527.        -f yuv4mpegpipe -i all.v \
    528. 

  528.        -y output.flv
    529. 

  529. rm temp[12].[av] all.[av]
    530. 

  530. </pre></div>
    531. 

  531. 

  532. <a name="Using-_002df-lavfi_002c-audio-becomes-mono-for-no-apparent-reason_002e"></a>
    533. 

  533. <h3 class="section">3.15 Using <samp>-f lavfi</samp>, audio becomes mono for no apparent reason.<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Using-_002df-lavfi_002c-audio-becomes-mono-for-no-apparent-reason_002e" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Using-_002df-lavfi_002c-audio-becomes-mono-for-no-apparent-reason_002e" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    534. 

  534. 

  535. <p>Use <samp>-dumpgraph -</samp> to find out exactly where the channel layout is
    536. 

  536. lost.
    537. 

  537. </p>
    538. 

  538. <p>Most likely, it is through <code>auto-inserted aresample</code>. Try to understand
    539. 

  539. why the converting filter was needed at that place.
    540. 

  540. </p>
    541. 

  541. <p>Just before the output is a likely place, as <samp>-f lavfi</samp> currently
    542. 

  542. only support packed S16.
    543. 

  543. </p>
    544. 

  544. <p>Then insert the correct <code>aformat</code> explicitly in the filtergraph,
    545. 

  545. specifying the exact format.
    546. 

  546. </p>
    547. 

  547. <div class="example">
    548. 

  548. <pre class="example">aformat=sample_fmts=s16:channel_layouts=stereo
    549. 

  549. </pre></div>
    550. 

  550. 

  551. <a name="Why-does-FFmpeg-not-see-the-subtitles-in-my-VOB-file_003f"></a>
    552. 

  552. <h3 class="section">3.16 Why does FFmpeg not see the subtitles in my VOB file?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Why-does-FFmpeg-not-see-the-subtitles-in-my-VOB-file_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Why-does-FFmpeg-not-see-the-subtitles-in-my-VOB-file_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    553. 

  553. 

  554. <p>VOB and a few other formats do not have a global header that describes
    555. 

  555. everything present in the file. Instead, applications are supposed to scan
    556. 

  556. the file to see what it contains. Since VOB files are frequently large, only
    557. 

  557. the beginning is scanned. If the subtitles happen only later in the file,
    558. 

  558. they will not be initially detected.
    559. 

  559. </p>
    560. 

  560. <p>Some applications, including the <code>ffmpeg</code> command-line tool, can only
    561. 

  561. work with streams that were detected during the initial scan; streams that
    562. 

  562. are detected later are ignored.
    563. 

  563. </p>
    564. 

  564. <p>The size of the initial scan is controlled by two options: <code>probesize</code>
    565. 

  565. (default ~5 Mo) and <code>analyzeduration</code> (default 5,000,000 µs = 5 s). For
    566. 

  566. the subtitle stream to be detected, both values must be large enough.
    567. 

  567. </p>
    568. 

  568. <a name="Why-was-the-ffmpeg-_002dsameq-option-removed_003f-What-to-use-instead_003f"></a>
    569. 

  569. <h3 class="section">3.17 Why was the <code>ffmpeg</code> <samp>-sameq</samp> option removed? What to use instead?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Why-was-the-ffmpeg-_002dsameq-option-removed_003f-What-to-use-instead_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Why-was-the-ffmpeg-_002dsameq-option-removed_003f-What-to-use-instead_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    570. 

  570. 

  571. <p>The <samp>-sameq</samp> option meant &quot;same quantizer&quot;, and made sense only in a
    572. 

  572. very limited set of cases. Unfortunately, a lot of people mistook it for
    573. 

  573. &quot;same quality&quot; and used it in places where it did not make sense: it had
    574. 

  574. roughly the expected visible effect, but achieved it in a very inefficient
    575. 

  575. way.
    576. 

  576. </p>
    577. 

  577. <p>Each encoder has its own set of options to set the quality-vs-size balance,
    578. 

  578. use the options for the encoder you are using to set the quality level to a
    579. 

  579. point acceptable for your tastes. The most common options to do that are
    580. 

  580. <samp>-qscale</samp> and <samp>-qmax</samp>, but you should peruse the documentation
    581. 

  581. of the encoder you chose.
    582. 

  582. </p>
    583. 

  583. <a name="I-have-a-stretched-video_002c-why-does-scaling-does-not-fix-it_003f"></a>
    584. 

  584. <h3 class="section">3.18 I have a stretched video, why does scaling does not fix it?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#I-have-a-stretched-video_002c-why-does-scaling-does-not-fix-it_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-I-have-a-stretched-video_002c-why-does-scaling-does-not-fix-it_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    585. 

  585. 

  586. <p>A lot of video codecs and formats can store the <em>aspect ratio</em> of the
    587. 

  587. video: this is the ratio between the width and the height of either the full
    588. 

  588. image (DAR, display aspect ratio) or individual pixels (SAR, sample aspect
    589. 

  589. ratio). For example, EGA screens at resolution 640×350 had 4:3 DAR and 35:48
    590. 

  590. SAR.
    591. 

  591. </p>
    592. 

  592. <p>Most still image processing work with square pixels, i.e. 1:1 SAR, but a lot
    593. 

  593. of video standards, especially from the analogic-numeric transition era, use
    594. 

  594. non-square pixels.
    595. 

  595. </p>
    596. 

  596. <p>Most processing filters in FFmpeg handle the aspect ratio to avoid
    597. 

  597. stretching the image: cropping adjusts the DAR to keep the SAR constant,
    598. 

  598. scaling adjusts the SAR to keep the DAR constant.
    599. 

  599. </p>
    600. 

  600. <p>If you want to stretch, or “unstretch”, the image, you need to override the
    601. 

  601. information with the
    602. 

  602. <a href="ffmpeg-filters.html#setdar_002c-setsar"><code>setdar or setsar filters</code></a>.
    603. 

  603. </p>
    604. 

  604. <p>Do not forget to examine carefully the original video to check whether the
    605. 

  605. stretching comes from the image or from the aspect ratio information.
    606. 

  606. </p>
    607. 

  607. <p>For example, to fix a badly encoded EGA capture, use the following commands,
    608. 

  608. either the first one to upscale to square pixels or the second one to set
    609. 

  609. the correct aspect ratio or the third one to avoid transcoding (may not work
    610. 

  610. depending on the format / codec / player / phase of the moon):
    611. 

  611. </p>
    612. 

  612. <div class="example">
    613. 

  613. <pre class="example">ffmpeg -i ega_screen.nut -vf scale=640:480,setsar=1 ega_screen_scaled.nut
    614. 

  614. ffmpeg -i ega_screen.nut -vf setdar=4/3 ega_screen_anamorphic.nut
    615. 

  615. ffmpeg -i ega_screen.nut -aspect 4/3 -c copy ega_screen_overridden.nut
    616. 

  616. </pre></div>
    617. 

  617. 

  618. <span id="background-task"></span><a name="How-do-I-run-ffmpeg-as-a-background-task_003f"></a>
    619. 

  619. <h3 class="section">3.19 How do I run ffmpeg as a background task?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#How-do-I-run-ffmpeg-as-a-background-task_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-How-do-I-run-ffmpeg-as-a-background-task_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    620. 

  620. 

  621. <p>ffmpeg normally checks the console input, for entries like &quot;q&quot; to stop
    622. 

  622. and &quot;?&quot; to give help, while performing operations. ffmpeg does not have a way of
    623. 

  623. detecting when it is running as a background task.
    624. 

  624. When it checks the console input, that can cause the process running ffmpeg
    625. 

  625. in the background to suspend.
    626. 

  626. </p>
    627. 

  627. <p>To prevent those input checks, allowing ffmpeg to run as a background task,
    628. 

  628. use the <a href="ffmpeg.html#stdin-option"><code>-nostdin</code> option</a>
    629. 

  629. in the ffmpeg invocation. This is effective whether you run ffmpeg in a shell
    630. 

  630. or invoke ffmpeg in its own process via an operating system API.
    631. 

  631. </p>
    632. 

  632. <p>As an alternative, when you are running ffmpeg in a shell, you can redirect
    633. 

  633. standard input to <code>/dev/null</code> (on Linux and macOS)
    634. 

  634. or <code>NUL</code> (on Windows). You can do this redirect either
    635. 

  635. on the ffmpeg invocation, or from a shell script which calls ffmpeg.
    636. 

  636. </p>
    637. 

  637. <p>For example:
    638. 

  638. </p>
    639. 

  639. <div class="example">
    640. 

  640. <pre class="example">ffmpeg -nostdin -i INPUT OUTPUT
    641. 

  641. </pre></div>
    642. 

  642. 

  643. <p>or (on Linux, macOS, and other UNIX-like shells):
    644. 

  644. </p>
    645. 

  645. <div class="example">
    646. 

  646. <pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT OUTPUT &lt;/dev/null
    647. 

  647. </pre></div>
    648. 

  648. 

  649. <p>or (on Windows):
    650. 

  650. </p>
    651. 

  651. <div class="example">
    652. 

  652. <pre class="example">ffmpeg -i INPUT OUTPUT &lt;NUL
    653. 

  653. </pre></div>
    654. 

  654. 

  655. <a name="How-do-I-prevent-ffmpeg-from-suspending-with-a-message-like-suspended-_0028tty-output_0029_003f"></a>
    656. 

  656. <h3 class="section">3.20 How do I prevent ffmpeg from suspending with a message like <em>suspended (tty output)</em>?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#How-do-I-prevent-ffmpeg-from-suspending-with-a-message-like-suspended-_0028tty-output_0029_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-How-do-I-prevent-ffmpeg-from-suspending-with-a-message-like-suspended-_0028tty-output_0029_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    657. 

  657. 

  658. <p>If you run ffmpeg in the background, you may find that its process suspends.
    659. 

  659. There may be a message like <em>suspended (tty output)</em>. The question is how
    660. 

  660. to prevent the process from being suspended.
    661. 

  661. </p>
    662. 

  662. <p>For example:
    663. 

  663. </p>
    664. 

  664. <div class="example">
    665. 

  665. <pre class="example">% ffmpeg -i INPUT OUTPUT &amp;&gt; ~/tmp/log.txt &amp;
    666. 

  666. [1] 93352
    667. 

  667. %
    668. 

  668. [1]  + suspended (tty output)  ffmpeg -i INPUT OUTPUT &amp;&gt;
    669. 

  669. </pre></div>
    670. 

  670. 

  671. <p>The message &quot;tty output&quot; notwithstanding, the problem here is that
    672. 

  672. ffmpeg normally checks the console input when it runs. The operating system
    673. 

  673. detects this, and suspends the process until you can bring it to the
    674. 

  674. foreground and attend to it.
    675. 

  675. </p>
    676. 

  676. <p>The solution is to use the right techniques to tell ffmpeg not to consult
    677. 

  677. console input. You can use the
    678. 

  678. <a href="ffmpeg.html#stdin-option"><code>-nostdin</code> option</a>,
    679. 

  679. or redirect standard input with <code>&lt; /dev/null</code>.
    680. 

  680. See FAQ
    681. 

  681. <a href="#background-task"><em>How do I run ffmpeg as a background task?</em></a>
    682. 

  682. for details.
    683. 

  683. </p>
    684. 

  684. <a name="Development"></a>
    685. 

  685. <h2 class="chapter">4 Development<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Development" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Development" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h2>
    686. 

  686. 

  687. <a name="Are-there-examples-illustrating-how-to-use-the-FFmpeg-libraries_002c-particularly-libavcodec-and-libavformat_003f"></a>
    688. 

  688. <h3 class="section">4.1 Are there examples illustrating how to use the FFmpeg libraries, particularly libavcodec and libavformat?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Are-there-examples-illustrating-how-to-use-the-FFmpeg-libraries_002c-particularly-libavcodec-and-libavformat_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Are-there-examples-illustrating-how-to-use-the-FFmpeg-libraries_002c-particularly-libavcodec-and-libavformat_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    689. 

  689. 

  690. <p>Yes. Check the <samp>doc/examples</samp> directory in the source
    691. 

  691. repository, also available online at:
    692. 

  692. <a href="https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/tree/master/doc/examples">https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/tree/master/doc/examples</a>.
    693. 

  693. </p>
    694. 

  694. <p>Examples are also installed by default, usually in
    695. 

  695. <code>$PREFIX/share/ffmpeg/examples</code>.
    696. 

  696. </p>
    697. 

  697. <p>Also you may read the Developers Guide of the FFmpeg documentation. Alternatively,
    698. 

  698. examine the source code for one of the many open source projects that
    699. 

  699. already incorporate FFmpeg at (<a href="projects.html">projects.html</a>).
    700. 

  700. </p>
    701. 

  701. <a name="Can-you-support-my-C-compiler-XXX_003f"></a>
    702. 

  702. <h3 class="section">4.2 Can you support my C compiler XXX?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Can-you-support-my-C-compiler-XXX_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Can-you-support-my-C-compiler-XXX_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    703. 

  703. 

  704. <p>It depends. If your compiler is C99-compliant, then patches to support
    705. 

  705. it are likely to be welcome if they do not pollute the source code
    706. 

  706. with <code>#ifdef</code>s related to the compiler.
    707. 

  707. </p>
    708. 

  708. <a name="Is-Microsoft-Visual-C_002b_002b-supported_003f"></a>
    709. 

  709. <h3 class="section">4.3 Is Microsoft Visual C++ supported?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Is-Microsoft-Visual-C_002b_002b-supported_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Is-Microsoft-Visual-C_002b_002b-supported_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    710. 

  710. 

  711. <p>Yes. Please see the <a href="platform.html">Microsoft Visual C++</a>
    712. 

  712. section in the FFmpeg documentation.
    713. 

  713. </p>
    714. 

  714. <a name="Can-you-add-automake_002c-libtool-or-autoconf-support_003f"></a>
    715. 

  715. <h3 class="section">4.4 Can you add automake, libtool or autoconf support?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Can-you-add-automake_002c-libtool-or-autoconf-support_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Can-you-add-automake_002c-libtool-or-autoconf-support_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    716. 

  716. 

  717. <p>No. These tools are too bloated and they complicate the build.
    718. 

  718. </p>
    719. 

  719. <a name="Why-not-rewrite-FFmpeg-in-object_002doriented-C_002b_002b_003f"></a>
    720. 

  720. <h3 class="section">4.5 Why not rewrite FFmpeg in object-oriented C++?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Why-not-rewrite-FFmpeg-in-object_002doriented-C_002b_002b_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Why-not-rewrite-FFmpeg-in-object_002doriented-C_002b_002b_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    721. 

  721. 

  722. <p>FFmpeg is already organized in a highly modular manner and does not need to
    723. 

  723. be rewritten in a formal object language. Further, many of the developers
    724. 

  724. favor straight C; it works for them. For more arguments on this matter,
    725. 

  725. read <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004021423/http://kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/#s15">&quot;Programming Religion&quot;</a>.
    726. 

  726. </p>
    727. 

  727. <a name="Why-are-the-ffmpeg-programs-devoid-of-debugging-symbols_003f"></a>
    728. 

  728. <h3 class="section">4.6 Why are the ffmpeg programs devoid of debugging symbols?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Why-are-the-ffmpeg-programs-devoid-of-debugging-symbols_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Why-are-the-ffmpeg-programs-devoid-of-debugging-symbols_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    729. 

  729. 

  730. <p>The build process creates <code>ffmpeg_g</code>, <code>ffplay_g</code>, etc. which
    731. 

  731. contain full debug information. Those binaries are stripped to create
    732. 

  732. <code>ffmpeg</code>, <code>ffplay</code>, etc. If you need the debug information, use
    733. 

  733. the *_g versions.
    734. 

  734. </p>
    735. 

  735. <a name="I-do-not-like-the-LGPL_002c-can-I-contribute-code-under-the-GPL-instead_003f"></a>
    736. 

  736. <h3 class="section">4.7 I do not like the LGPL, can I contribute code under the GPL instead?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#I-do-not-like-the-LGPL_002c-can-I-contribute-code-under-the-GPL-instead_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-I-do-not-like-the-LGPL_002c-can-I-contribute-code-under-the-GPL-instead_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    737. 

  737. 

  738. <p>Yes, as long as the code is optional and can easily and cleanly be placed
    739. 

  739. under #if CONFIG_GPL without breaking anything. So, for example, a new codec
    740. 

  740. or filter would be OK under GPL while a bug fix to LGPL code would not.
    741. 

  741. </p>
    742. 

  742. <a name="I_0027m-using-FFmpeg-from-within-my-C-application-but-the-linker-complains-about-missing-symbols-from-the-libraries-themselves_002e"></a>
    743. 

  743. <h3 class="section">4.8 I&rsquo;m using FFmpeg from within my C application but the linker complains about missing symbols from the libraries themselves.<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#I_0027m-using-FFmpeg-from-within-my-C-application-but-the-linker-complains-about-missing-symbols-from-the-libraries-themselves_002e" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-I_0027m-using-FFmpeg-from-within-my-C-application-but-the-linker-complains-about-missing-symbols-from-the-libraries-themselves_002e" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    744. 

  744. 

  745. <p>FFmpeg builds static libraries by default. In static libraries, dependencies
    746. 

  746. are not handled. That has two consequences. First, you must specify the
    747. 

  747. libraries in dependency order: <code>-lavdevice</code> must come before
    748. 

  748. <code>-lavformat</code>, <code>-lavutil</code> must come after everything else, etc.
    749. 

  749. Second, external libraries that are used in FFmpeg have to be specified too.
    750. 

  750. </p>
    751. 

  751. <p>An easy way to get the full list of required libraries in dependency order
    752. 

  752. is to use <code>pkg-config</code>.
    753. 

  753. </p>
    754. 

  754. <div class="example">
    755. 

  755. <pre class="example">c99 -o program program.c $(pkg-config --cflags --libs libavformat libavcodec)
    756. 

  756. </pre></div>
    757. 

  757. 

  758. <p>See <samp>doc/example/Makefile</samp> and <samp>doc/example/pc-uninstalled</samp> for
    759. 

  759. more details.
    760. 

  760. </p>
    761. 

  761. <a name="I_0027m-using-FFmpeg-from-within-my-C_002b_002b-application-but-the-linker-complains-about-missing-symbols-which-seem-to-be-available_002e"></a>
    762. 

  762. <h3 class="section">4.9 I&rsquo;m using FFmpeg from within my C++ application but the linker complains about missing symbols which seem to be available.<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#I_0027m-using-FFmpeg-from-within-my-C_002b_002b-application-but-the-linker-complains-about-missing-symbols-which-seem-to-be-available_002e" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-I_0027m-using-FFmpeg-from-within-my-C_002b_002b-application-but-the-linker-complains-about-missing-symbols-which-seem-to-be-available_002e" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    763. 

  763. 

  764. <p>FFmpeg is a pure C project, so to use the libraries within your C++ application
    765. 

  765. you need to explicitly state that you are using a C library. You can do this by
    766. 

  766. encompassing your FFmpeg includes using <code>extern &quot;C&quot;</code>.
    767. 

  767. </p>
    768. 

  768. <p>See <a href="http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/mixing-c-and-cpp.html#faq-32.3">http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/mixing-c-and-cpp.html#faq-32.3</a>
    769. 

  769. </p>
    770. 

  770. <a name="I_0027m-using-libavutil-from-within-my-C_002b_002b-application-but-the-compiler-complains-about-_0027UINT64_005fC_0027-was-not-declared-in-this-scope"></a>
    771. 

  771. <h3 class="section">4.10 I&rsquo;m using libavutil from within my C++ application but the compiler complains about &rsquo;UINT64_C&rsquo; was not declared in this scope<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#I_0027m-using-libavutil-from-within-my-C_002b_002b-application-but-the-compiler-complains-about-_0027UINT64_005fC_0027-was-not-declared-in-this-scope" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-I_0027m-using-libavutil-from-within-my-C_002b_002b-application-but-the-compiler-complains-about-_0027UINT64_005fC_0027-was-not-declared-in-this-scope" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    772. 

  772. 

  773. <p>FFmpeg is a pure C project using C99 math features, in order to enable C++
    774. 

  774. to use them you have to append -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS to your CXXFLAGS
    775. 

  775. </p>
    776. 

  776. <a name="I-have-a-file-in-memory-_002f-a-API-different-from-_002aopen_002f_002aread_002f-libc-how-do-I-use-it-with-libavformat_003f"></a>
    777. 

  777. <h3 class="section">4.11 I have a file in memory / a API different from *open/*read/ libc how do I use it with libavformat?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#I-have-a-file-in-memory-_002f-a-API-different-from-_002aopen_002f_002aread_002f-libc-how-do-I-use-it-with-libavformat_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-I-have-a-file-in-memory-_002f-a-API-different-from-_002aopen_002f_002aread_002f-libc-how-do-I-use-it-with-libavformat_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    778. 

  778. 

  779. <p>You have to create a custom AVIOContext using <code>avio_alloc_context</code>,
    780. 

  780. see <samp>libavformat/aviobuf.c</samp> in FFmpeg and <samp>libmpdemux/demux_lavf.c</samp> in MPlayer or MPlayer2 sources.
    781. 

  781. </p>
    782. 

  782. <a name="Where-is-the-documentation-about-ffv1_002c-msmpeg4_002c-asv1_002c-4xm_003f"></a>
    783. 

  783. <h3 class="section">4.12 Where is the documentation about ffv1, msmpeg4, asv1, 4xm?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Where-is-the-documentation-about-ffv1_002c-msmpeg4_002c-asv1_002c-4xm_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Where-is-the-documentation-about-ffv1_002c-msmpeg4_002c-asv1_002c-4xm_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    784. 

  784. 

  785. <p>see <a href="https://www.ffmpeg.org/~michael/">https://www.ffmpeg.org/~michael/</a>
    786. 

  786. </p>
    787. 

  787. <a name="How-do-I-feed-H_002e263_002dRTP-_0028and-other-codecs-in-RTP_0029-to-libavcodec_003f"></a>
    788. 

  788. <h3 class="section">4.13 How do I feed H.263-RTP (and other codecs in RTP) to libavcodec?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#How-do-I-feed-H_002e263_002dRTP-_0028and-other-codecs-in-RTP_0029-to-libavcodec_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-How-do-I-feed-H_002e263_002dRTP-_0028and-other-codecs-in-RTP_0029-to-libavcodec_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    789. 

  789. 

  790. <p>Even if peculiar since it is network oriented, RTP is a container like any
    791. 

  791. other. You have to <em>demux</em> RTP before feeding the payload to libavcodec.
    792. 

  792. In this specific case please look at RFC 4629 to see how it should be done.
    793. 

  793. </p>
    794. 

  794. <a name="AVStream_002er_005fframe_005frate-is-wrong_002c-it-is-much-larger-than-the-frame-rate_002e"></a>
    795. 

  795. <h3 class="section">4.14 AVStream.r_frame_rate is wrong, it is much larger than the frame rate.<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#AVStream_002er_005fframe_005frate-is-wrong_002c-it-is-much-larger-than-the-frame-rate_002e" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-AVStream_002er_005fframe_005frate-is-wrong_002c-it-is-much-larger-than-the-frame-rate_002e" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    796. 

  796. 

  797. <p><code>r_frame_rate</code> is NOT the average frame rate, it is the smallest frame rate
    798. 

  798. that can accurately represent all timestamps. So no, it is not
    799. 

  799. wrong if it is larger than the average!
    800. 

  800. For example, if you have mixed 25 and 30 fps content, then <code>r_frame_rate</code>
    801. 

  801. will be 150 (it is the least common multiple).
    802. 

  802. If you are looking for the average frame rate, see <code>AVStream.avg_frame_rate</code>.
    803. 

  803. </p>
    804. 

  804. <a name="Why-is-make-fate-not-running-all-tests_003f"></a>
    805. 

  805. <h3 class="section">4.15 Why is <code>make fate</code> not running all tests?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Why-is-make-fate-not-running-all-tests_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Why-is-make-fate-not-running-all-tests_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    806. 

  806. 

  807. <p>Make sure you have the fate-suite samples and the <code>SAMPLES</code> Make variable
    808. 

  808. or <code>FATE_SAMPLES</code> environment variable or the <code>--samples</code>
    809. 

  809. <code>configure</code> option is set to the right path.
    810. 

  810. </p>
    811. 

  811. <a name="Why-is-make-fate-not-finding-the-samples_003f"></a>
    812. 

  812. <h3 class="section">4.16 Why is <code>make fate</code> not finding the samples?<span class="pull-right"><a class="anchor hidden-xs" href="#Why-is-make-fate-not-finding-the-samples_003f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> <a class="anchor hidden-xs"href="#toc-Why-is-make-fate-not-finding-the-samples_003f" aria-hidden="true">TOC</a></span></h3>
    813. 

  813. 

  814. <p>Do you happen to have a <code>~</code> character in the samples path to indicate a
    815. 

  815. home directory? The value is used in ways where the shell cannot expand it,
    816. 

  816. causing FATE to not find files. Just replace <code>~</code> by the full path.
    817. 

  817. </p>
    818. 

  818. 

  819.       <p style="font-size: small;">
    820. 

  820.         This document was generated using <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/"><em>makeinfo</em></a>.
    821. 

  821.       </p>
    822. 

  822.     </div>
    823. 

  823.   </body>
    824. 

  824. </html>
    825.